I. Pre-Operation Preparation

1. Equipment Inspection

• Check critical components such as the hydraulic system, braking system, rotary mechanism, and tracks/wheels for normal functionality, ensuring no leaks or abnormal wear 

• Verify sufficient fuel, lubricating oil, and coolant levels. Refuel in a safe area away from open flames 

• Inspect wire ropes, pulleys, and other critical parts for integrity to prevent fractures 

2. Site Assessment

• Evaluate terrain, obstacles, underground utilities (e.g., cables, pipelines), and slope stability. Mark utility locations if necessary 

• Clear loose rocks, debris, and obstacles from the work area to prevent collapses or mechanical damage 

3. Safety Measures

• Operators must wear safety helmets, protective goggles, anti-slip boots, and high-visibility vests 

• Ensure the cab doors/windows are closed. Sound the horn before starting to warn nearby personnel 

II. Startup and Travel Protocols

1. Startup Requirements

• Place the main clutch in neutral before starting the engine. Check dashboard indicators for abnormalities 

• Prohibit alcohol consumption before operation. Restrict unauthorized personnel from climbing onto the equipment 

2. Travel Guidelines

• Slope Travel: On ascents, drive wheels at the rear; on descents, drive wheels at the front. Limit slope angles to ≤20°. Avoid coasting in neutral 

• Turning: Maintain a safe radius outside the operator’s visibility. For sharp turns, execute in stages (≤20° increments) 

• Soft Terrain: Use wooden planks or mats to distribute weight and prevent sinking 

III. Operational Safety During Work

1. Excavation Practices

• Control bucket penetration depth to avoid sudden movements. Lower the bucket gently to prevent collisions with vehicles or cabs 

• Use the rotary brake for smooth turns. Prohibit abrupt directional changes or emergency stops 

2. Collaborative Work

• Secondary workers (e.g., cleanup crews) must stay outside the excavator’s swing radius. Enter only after the excavator halts and brakes 

• During truck loading, ensure the vehicle is stationary and the driver exits before commencing. Avoid swinging the bucket over the cab 

3. Special Conditions

• Hard Materials: Use hydraulic breakers for rocks or frozen soil. Avoid forced excavation with the bucket 

• Demolition Work: Analyze collapse patterns and maintain a safe distance between the cab and the structure 

• Night Operations: Enable full lighting systems to eliminate blind spots 

IV. Maintenance and Shutdown Procedures

1. Routine Maintenance

• Monitor hydraulic oil temperature and filter conditions. Replace worn components promptly 

• Lubricate moving parts (e.g., tracks, rotary joints) regularly to reduce mechanical wear 

2. Post-Operation Steps

• Return the bucket to the ground, neutralize control levers, and shut down the engine. Drain coolant in cold climates 

• For long-term storage, park on flat ground, secure stabilizers, and cover the equipment with dustproof covers 

V. Emergency Response and Safety Prohibitions

1. Incident Handling

• Halt operations immediately upon detecting abnormal noises, leaks, or hydraulic failures. Report issues promptly 

• Evacuate to a safe zone and mark hazards if collapses, overturning, or flooding occurs 

2. Strict Prohibitions

• Never operate with the bucket suspended mid-air during rotations, travel, or repairs 

• Prohibit bucket use for lifting materials or personnel. Ban overloading and reckless maneuvers 

Summary

Excavator operations demand strict adherence to safety protocols, from pre-operation inspections to collaborative workflows.